The in vivo biological effect of altered physicochemical properties of Fe 3O 4 and α-Fe 2O 3 was assessed at the cellular and molecular level with embryonic zebrafish. Cyclic voltammogram and galvanostatic charge/discharge studies showed the highest specific capacitance of carbon-modified Fe 3O 4 and α-Fe 2O 3 as 213 F/g and 192 F/g. The magnetization saturation and BET surface area for Fe 3O 4, Fe 3O 4/C, and α-Fe 2O 3/C were measured as 90, 86, and 27 emu/g and 16, 56, and 89 m 2/g with an average pore size less than 7 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy confirmed the alteration in single-phase octahedral morphology and carbon attachment in Fe 3O 4 structure. In this study, carbon modification of octahedral-shaped magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was done using two-step chemical processes with sucrose as a carbon source for improvement in their electrochemical application and higher molecular biocompatibility. Recent advancement in nanotechnology seeks exploration of new techniques for improvement in the molecular, chemical, and biological properties of nanoparticles.
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